The world record for the biggest thing that was built from concrete is the Three Gorges Dam, located on the Yangtze River in China. The dam is made of over 28 million cubic meters (37 million cubic yards) of concrete and stands at a height of 181 meters (594 feet) and a length of 2,335 meters (7,661 feet). The construction of the Three Gorges Dam began in 1994 and was completed in 2012, with an estimated cost of around $28 billion USD. It is considered one of the largest construction projects in the world and provides hydroelectric power, flood control, and improved navigation along the Yangtze River.

Concrete and mortar are two common materials used in construction for a variety of purposes, such as building foundations, walls, and structures.

Concrete is a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone. The mixture is typically poured into forms or molds to create a desired shape and allowed to harden and cure over time. Concrete can be reinforced with steel bars or mesh to increase its strength and durability.

Mortar is a mixture of cement, water, and fine aggregates, such as sand or lime. It is typically used as a bonding agent between bricks, blocks, or stones, and can also be used as a finishing coat for walls. Mortar is applied with a trowel and allowed to harden over time.

Here are some key considerations when working with concrete and mortar:

    1. Mixing: Proper mixing of concrete and mortar is critical for achieving the desired strength and consistency. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and use the correct proportions of materials.

    2. Application: Both concrete and mortar can be applied using a variety of methods, such as pouring, pumping, or troweling. It's important to choose the right application method based on the specific project requirements.

    3. Curing: Proper curing is essential for achieving the desired strength and durability of concrete and mortar. This typically involves keeping the material moist and at a consistent temperature for a specified period of time.

    4. Safety: Concrete and mortar can be hazardous to work with, particularly when inhaling dust or coming into contact with wet materials. Wear appropriate safety equipment, such as goggles, gloves, and respiratory protection.

    5. Quality control: Regular testing and inspection of concrete and mortar are important for ensuring that they meet the required strength and quality standards.

By following best practices and safety guidelines when working with concrete and mortar, you can help ensure that your construction projects are completed safely and to the desired quality standards.

Choosing the right type of concrete or mortar depends on the specific needs of your project. Here are some factors to consider when selecting the appropriate material:

    1. Purpose: What is the purpose of the concrete or mortar? Will it be used for structural purposes, such as building foundations or retaining walls, or for aesthetic purposes, such as decorative walkways or driveways?

    2. Strength: What level of strength is required for the concrete or mortar? The strength of concrete and mortar is typically measured in pounds per square inch (psi). Different projects may require different strength levels, depending on factors such as the weight and load-bearing capacity of the structure.

    3. Climate and environment: Consider the climate and environmental conditions where the concrete or mortar will be used. For example, if the material will be exposed to freezing temperatures, you may need to use a mix with higher air entrainment, which helps to prevent cracking and damage from freeze-thaw cycles.

    4. Type of aggregate: Different types of aggregates, such as sand, gravel, or crushed stone, can affect the strength and appearance of the concrete or mortar. Consider the size and shape of the aggregate, as well as its source and composition.

    5. Application method: The method of application can also affect the type of concrete or mortar you choose. For example, if you're using a pump to apply the material, you may need to use a mix with a specific consistency.

    6. Cost: Finally, consider the cost of the concrete or mortar, as well as any associated delivery or handling fees. While it's important to choose a material that meets your project requirements, you also want to ensure that it fits within your budget.

By considering these factors and consulting with a professional contractor or supplier, you can choose the right type of concrete or mortar for your specific project needs.

Types of concrete:

Normal concrete: This is the most common type of concrete used in construction. It has a compressive strength of 20-40 MPa.

High-strength concrete: This type of concrete has a compressive strength of 60-90 MPa. It is used in high-rise buildings, bridges, and other structures that require high strength.

Lightweight concrete: This concrete has a lower density than normal concrete. It is used in the construction of buildings where weight is a concern.

Self-compacting concrete: This is a special type of concrete that can flow into place and fill all spaces without the need for vibration. It is used in the construction of complex structures.

Types of mortar:

Type N: This is the most common type of mortar used in construction. It is a general-purpose mortar used for bonding bricks and stones.

Type S: This mortar has a higher compressive strength than Type N. It is used in masonry structures that require high strength.

Type M: This mortar has the highest compressive strength of all mortar types. It is used in the construction of structures that require high strength, such as foundations and retaining walls.

Type O: This mortar has a lower compressive strength than Type N. It is used for interior walls and non-load-bearing applications.