President of the United States
Herbert Clark Hoover August 10, 1874 West Branch, Iowa, U.S.
October 20, 1964(1964-10-20) (90) New York City, New York, U.S.
March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933
31st president of the United States (1874–1964) This article is about the 31st president of the United States. For his son, see Herbert Hoover Jr. Herbert HooverHoover in 192831st President of the United StatesIn office March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933Vice President Charles CurtisPreceded by Calvin CoolidgeSucceeded by Franklin D. Roosevelt3rd United States Secretary of CommerceIn office March 5, 1921 – August 21, 1928President Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge Preceded by Joshua W. AlexanderSucceeded by William F. WhitingDirector of the United States Food AdministrationIn office August 21, 1917 – November 16, 1918PresidentWoodrow WilsonChair of the Commission for Relief in BelgiumIn office October 22, 1914 – April 14, 1917 Personal detailsBornHerbert Clark Hoover (1874-08-10 ) August 10, 1874 West Branch, Iowa, U.S.DiedOctober 20, 1964(1964-10-20) (aged 90) New York City, New York, U.S.Resting placeHerbert Hoover Presidential Library and MuseumPolitical partyRepublicanSpouse(s)Lou Henry (m. 1899 ; died 1944 )Children Herbert Jr. Allan Alma materStanford University (BS, 1895)OccupationPoliticianbusinessmanengineerSignature Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was an American politician, businessman, and engineer who served as the 31st president of the United States from 1929 to 1933. A member of the Republican Party, he held office during the onset of the Great Depression. Before serving as president, Hoover led the Commission for Relief in Belgium, served as the director of the U.S. Food Administration, and served as the third U.S. secretary of commerce. Born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa, he grew up in Oregon. Hoover took a position with a London-based mining company after graduating from Stanford University in 1895. After the outbreak of World War I, he became the head of the Commission for Relief in Belgium, an international relief organization that provided food to occupied Belgium. When the U.S. entered the war, President Woodrow Wilson appointed Hoover to lead the Food Administration, and Hoover became known as the country's "food czar". After the war, Hoover led the American Relief Administration, which provided food to the inhabitants of Central and Eastern Europe. Hoover's war-time service made him a favorite of many progressives, and he unsuccessfully sought the Republican nomination in the 1920 presidential election. After the 1920 election, newly elected Republican President Warren G. Harding appointed Hoover as Secretary of Commerce; Hoover continued to serve under President Calvin Coolidge after Harding died in 1923. Hoover was an unusually active and visible cabinet member, becoming known as "Secretary of Commerce and Under-Secretary of all other departments". He was influential in the development of air travel and radio. He led the federal response to the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. Hoover won the Republican nomination in the 1928 presidential election, and decisively defeated the Democratic candidate, Al Smith. The stock market crashed shortly after Hoover took office, and the Great Depression became the central issue of his presidency. Hoover pursued a variety of policies in an attempt to lift the economy, but opposed directly involving the federal government in relief efforts. In the midst of the economic crisis, Hoover was decisively defeated by Democratic nominee Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election. After leaving office, Hoover's retirement was over 31 years long, one of the longest retirements of any U.S president, and he authored numerous works in subsequent decades. Hoover became increasingly conservative in this time, and he strongly criticized Roosevelt's foreign policy and New Deal domestic agenda. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hoover's public reputation was slightly rehabilitated, because he served in various assignments for Presidents Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower, including as chairman of the Hoover Commission. Though he managed somewhat to rehabilitate his legacy, Hoover is still widely regarded as a below average U.S. president, and most polls of historians and political scientists rank him in the bottom third overall.
Add date: 2021-09-11 20:03
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