About SA
Location
Saudi Arabia is located in the Middle East, occupying the majority of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. The Red Sea lies to the west, and the Persian Gulf to the northeast.
Capital
The capital city of Saudi Arabia is Riyadh.
Population
As of the latest estimates, Saudi Arabia has a population of approximately 34 million people.
Area
Saudi Arabia covers an area of about 2.15 million square kilometers (830,000 square miles), making it the largest country in the Middle East and the 13th largest in the world.
Official Language
Arabic is the official language of Saudi Arabia.
Government
Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy ruled by the House of Saud, with the King serving as both the head of state and the head of government. The country follows Sharia law, and the government is based on Islamic principles.
Religion
Islam is the state religion of Saudi Arabia, and the majority of the population adheres to Sunni Islam, particularly the Wahhabi sect. The country is home to the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina.
Currency
The currency of Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Riyal (SAR).
Economy
Saudi Arabia has the largest economy in the Middle East and is one of the world's leading oil producers and exporters. The petroleum sector accounts for a significant portion of the country's GDP, government revenue, and export earnings. In recent years, the Saudi government has been working to diversify the economy away from oil dependency through initiatives such as Vision 2030, which aims to promote private sector growth, diversify revenue sources, and develop non-oil sectors such as tourism and entertainment.
Infrastructure
Saudi Arabia has modern infrastructure, including extensive road networks, airports, seaports, and telecommunications systems. The country is known for its ambitious infrastructure projects, including the Riyadh Metro, King Abdulaziz International Airport Expansion, and the Red Sea Project.
Culture
Saudi Arabian culture is deeply rooted in Islamic traditions and customs. The country's cultural heritage is evident in its architecture, cuisine, clothing, and social customs. Traditional arts, such as calligraphy, poetry, and music, are also important aspects of Saudi culture.
Education
Education is highly valued in Saudi Arabia, and the government has invested heavily in the education sector. The country has a well-established education system, with both religious and secular institutions. In recent years, there has been a focus on improving higher education and research capabilities.
International Relations
Saudi Arabia plays a significant role in regional and global affairs and maintains diplomatic relations with countries around the world. The country is a member of various international organizations, including the United Nations, the Arab League, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Human Rights
Saudi Arabia has faced criticism for its human rights record, including restrictions on freedom of expression, assembly, and religion, as well as gender inequality and the treatment of migrant workers. The government has taken steps to address some of these issues, but challenges remain.
Security
Saudi Arabia faces security challenges, including regional conflicts, terrorism threats, and tensions with Iran. The country has a well-equipped military and works closely with allies, including the United States, to address security concerns in the region.
National Items of Saudi Arabia
Arabian Camel
The Arabian Camel (Camelus dromedarius) is the national animal of Saudi Arabia. Known for its ability to thrive in desert conditions, it symbolizes resilience, endurance, and the traditional Bedouin lifestyle.
Palm Tree
The Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera) is a significant national symbol in Saudi Arabia. It represents prosperity, sustenance, and the importance of dates in Saudi culture and economy.
Arabian Horse
The Arabian Horse is known for its beauty, speed, and endurance. It symbolizes the rich equestrian heritage and cultural pride of Saudi Arabia.
Sambac Jasmine
The Sambac Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) is often associated with Saudi Arabia and represents beauty, purity, and the natural flora of the region.
Falcon
Falconry is a traditional sport in Saudi Arabia, and the Falcon is an important cultural symbol. It represents power, grace, and the country's heritage in falconry.
Dallah (Coffee Pot)
The traditional Arabic coffee pot, or Dallah, symbolizes hospitality, cultural traditions, and the importance of coffee in Saudi social life.
Masmak Fort
The Masmak Fort in Riyadh is a historical landmark. It represents the country's rich history, architectural heritage, and the unification of Saudi Arabia under King Abdulaziz.
Al-Ula
Al-Ula is a region known for its ancient heritage and rock formations. It symbolizes the rich historical and archaeological significance of Saudi Arabia.
Kaaba
The Kaaba, located in Mecca, is the most sacred site in Islam. It symbolizes the religious heritage, spiritual significance, and central role of Saudi Arabia in the Muslim world.
Najdi Architecture
Najdi architecture, characterized by its mud-brick construction, symbolizes the traditional architectural heritage and cultural identity of central Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Sword
The Saudi Sword is a symbol of strength, justice, and the military heritage of Saudi Arabia. It is often depicted on the national emblem.
Green Falcon Emblem
The Green Falcon Emblem is part of the national emblem of Saudi Arabia. It symbolizes vigilance, strength, and the country's rich natural heritage.
Camel Milk
Camel milk is a traditional beverage in Saudi Arabia. It symbolizes the nomadic lifestyle, sustenance, and traditional culinary practices of the Bedouin people.
Desert Rose
The Desert Rose is a natural mineral formation found in the Saudi desert. It symbolizes the unique natural beauty and geological features of Saudi Arabia.
This anthem pays homage to the king and expresses loyalty and admiration for his leadership in defending the country.
The national anthem of Saudi Arabia is called "Aash Al Maleek" (عاش المليك), which translates to "Long Live the King" in English. Here are the lyrics in Arabic along with an English translation:
عاش المليك، عاش المليك،
سامي الدرّ سامي الدرّ.
في عزّه وتمكّنه
يحمي أرض العباس.
عاش المليك، عاش المليك
عاش المليك، عاش المليك.
في عزّه وتمكّنه
يحمي أرض العباس.
Long live the King, long live the King,
Noble and revered, noble and revered.
In his might and glory,
He defends the land of Abbas.
Long live the King, long live the King,
Long live the King, long live the King.
In his might and glory,
He defends the land of Abbas.
