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About SY



Location

Syria is a country located in the Middle East, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, Israel and Lebanon to the southwest, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west.

Capital

The capital city of Syria is Damascus.

Population

As of the latest estimates, Syria has a population of approximately 17 million people, although this number may have changed due to the ongoing conflict in the country.

Area

Syria covers an area of about 185,180 square kilometers (71,500 square miles).

Official Language

The official language of Syria is Arabic.

Government

Syria is officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic and operates under a unitary semi-presidential republic system. The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government. The Parliament of Syria is known as the People's Council, which consists of representatives elected by the people.

Independence

Syria gained independence from France on April 17, 1946.

Currency

The currency of Syria is the Syrian pound (SYP).

Economy

Syria's economy was once diversified, with agriculture, industry, and services contributing to its GDP. However, the ongoing civil war has severely damaged the economy, leading to widespread poverty, unemployment, and displacement. The country's infrastructure, including hospitals, schools, and transportation networks, has also been heavily impacted by the conflict.

Natural Features

Syria has a diverse landscape, including deserts, fertile plains, mountains, and coastline along the Mediterranean Sea. The country is known for historical sites such as the ancient city of Palmyra, the Crusader castle of Krak des Chevaliers, and the capital city of Damascus, which is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

Culture

Syria has a rich cultural heritage influenced by its history and diverse ethnic and religious communities. The country is known for its contributions to literature, music, art, and cuisine. Traditional Arab hospitality is an important aspect of Syrian culture, with guests often being welcomed warmly into homes.

Religion

Islam is the predominant religion in Syria, with the majority of the population being Sunni Muslims. There are also significant minority communities, including Alawites, Christians, and Druze.

Infrastructure

The ongoing conflict in Syria has severely damaged infrastructure, including roads, bridges, hospitals, and schools. Access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and clean water has become limited in many parts of the country.

International Relations

Syria has experienced strained relations with many countries due to its civil war and human rights violations. The Syrian government has received support from allies such as Russia, Iran, and Hezbollah, while facing opposition from Western countries and regional powers.

Challenges

Syria faces numerous challenges, including the ongoing civil war, political instability, economic collapse, humanitarian crisis, and the presence of terrorist organizations such as ISIS. Efforts to find a political solution to the conflict and rebuild the country remain ongoing.




National Items of Syria


Syrian Brown Bear

The Syrian Brown Bear (Ursus arctos syriacus) is often considered a national symbol. It symbolizes strength and the rich wildlife heritage of the country.

Syrian Jasmine

The Syrian Jasmine (Jasminum officinale) is the national flower of Syria. Its fragrant white blossoms symbolize purity, simplicity, and the natural beauty of the country.

Olive Tree

The Olive Tree (Olea europaea) is significant in Syrian culture and economy. It represents peace, resilience, and the agricultural heritage of the country, particularly in olive oil production.

Syrian Eagle

The Syrian Eagle is a prominent symbol in Syria, representing power, freedom, and the country's historical legacy.

Damascus Rose

The Damascus Rose (Rosa Damascena) is highly valued for its beauty and fragrance. It symbolizes the rich cultural heritage and the historical significance of Damascus as one of the world's oldest cities.

Qudud Al-Halabiya

Qudud Al-Halabiya is a traditional form of music originating from Aleppo. It symbolizes the rich musical heritage and cultural traditions of Syria.

Falafel

Falafel, a popular Middle Eastern dish made from chickpeas, is a staple in Syrian cuisine. It represents the culinary traditions and the importance of food in Syrian culture.

Umayyad Mosque

The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus is one of the oldest and largest mosques in the world. It symbolizes the religious heritage, architectural beauty, and historical significance of Syria.

Ancient City of Palmyra

The ruins of Palmyra represent the rich historical and archaeological heritage of Syria. They symbolize the ancient civilization and cultural significance of the region.

Cedrus Libani (Lebanon Cedar)

While commonly associated with Lebanon, the Cedar Tree (Cedrus libani) is also significant in Syria. It symbolizes endurance, strength, and the natural heritage shared by the region.

Syrian Hamidiya Souq

The Hamidiya Souq in Damascus is one of the largest and oldest markets in Syria. It represents the vibrant commercial heritage, traditional crafts, and daily life of the Syrian people.

Kubbah

Kubbah is a traditional Syrian dish made of bulgur, minced onions, and finely ground lean beef, lamb, or goat meat. It symbolizes the rich culinary heritage and traditional family gatherings.

Tabbouleh

Tabbouleh is a traditional Syrian salad made from parsley, tomatoes, bulgur, and mint. It represents the healthy culinary traditions and the importance of fresh ingredients in Syrian cuisine.

Noria of Hama

The Noria of Hama are ancient water wheels located along the Orontes River in Hama. They symbolize the engineering ingenuity, agricultural heritage, and historical significance of water management in Syria.




The anthem pays homage to the martyrs of Syria and the Arab world, expressing gratitude for their sacrifices and dedication to the nation and Arab unity. It highlights the importance of defending the homeland and upholding Arab values and principles.
The national anthem of Syria is called "حماة الديار" (Humat ad-Diyar), which translates to "Guardians of the Homeland" in English. Here are the lyrics in the original Arabic language along with an English translation:


حُمَاةَ الدِّيَارِ يَا شُهَدَاءَ العَرَبِ

نَقْدِمُ لَكُمْ أَعْظَمَ الشُّكْرِ وَالتَّقْدِيْرِ

فَأَنْتُمْ الَّذِينَ ضَحَّوْا وَأَعْطَوْا

لِيَحْيَا الوَطَنُ وَالعُروبَةُ العَرَبِيَّةُ


نَمْضِي مَعَكُمْ يَا حَمَاةَ الدَّيَارِ

فَأَنْتُمْ عَمَادُ الأُمَّةِ العَرَبِيَّةِ

وَفِي ظِلِّكُمْ نَحْيَا وَنَفْتَخِرُ

وَمِنْكُمْ نَسْتَلْهِمُ العَزَمَ وَالصَّمُوتُ


دَعَوْتُمُ لِلمُجَدِّ مِنْ بَعْدِ السَّنِينِ

وَنَعْتُ الحُقَّ بِالحَقِّ عَالِيَ الدَّرَجَةِ

أَنْتُمْ رَجَالُ الحُقُوْقِ وَالأَمَانِي

فَأَنْتُمُ النَّاسُ الحُرُّ فِي سَبِيلِ الدِّيَارِ


دَعَوْتُمُ الحَرْبَ وَالسَّلَمَ تَرْدَدُوْنَ

فَتَلْكَ نُهَى الأَمَمِ عَنْ الفَرْضِ وَالوَرَى

وَكَانَتْ عِلَى حُسْنِ الإِصْغَاءِ تُبَادِرُوْنَ

وَلَكِنَّ الأَعْدَاءَ لاَ يَسْتَسْمِعُوْنَ


حَمَاةَ الدِّيَارِ يَا شُهَدَاءَ العَرَبِ

نَقْدِمُ لَكُمْ أَعْظَمَ الشُّكْرِ وَالتَّقْدِيْرِ

فَأَنْتُمْ الَّذِينَ ضَحَّوْا وَأَعْطَوْا

لِيَحْيَا الوَطَنُ وَالعُروبَةُ العَرَبِيَّةُ



Guardians of the homeland, oh martyrs of the Arabs,

We offer you the greatest gratitude and appreciation,

For you who sacrificed and gave

For the nation and Arabism to live.


We march with you, oh guardians of the homeland,

For you are the pillars of the Arab nation,

And in your shade, we live and boast,

And from you, we draw determination and silence.


You called for glory after the years,

And you extolled truth with high rank,

You are the men of rights and aspirations,

For you are the free people in defense of the homeland.


You called for war and peace, you hesitated not,

For such is the consensus of nations, away from folly,

You hastened to listen to good advice,

But the enemies do not listen.


Guardians of the homeland, oh martyrs of the Arabs,

We offer you the greatest gratitude and appreciation,

For you who sacrificed and gave

For the nation and Arabism to live.



To get a deeper view of the country please see the Video Guide of Syria


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